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In the world of finance, a company has various ways of distributing profits to its shareholders. Some of these methods include issuing dividends, bonus shares, buybacks, and stock splits. In this article, we will explore the various terms that are commonly used in the context of shareholder distributions and provide a brief explanation of each term.
E.G.M.
The term E.G.M. stands for Extraordinary General Meeting. An E.G.M. is a meeting of a company's shareholders that is held outside of the company's usual annual general meeting. The purpose of an E.G.M. is to discuss and vote on important matters that cannot wait until the next annual general meeting.
Right Issue of Equity Shares
A right issue of equity shares is a way for a company to raise additional capital by offering existing shareholders the right to purchase new shares at a discounted price. This is a way for the company to raise capital without diluting the value of its existing shares.
Interim Dividend
An interim dividend is a dividend that is paid out to shareholders in the middle of a company's financial year. This is in contrast to a final dividend, which is paid out at the end of the financial year. Interim dividends are paid out of the company's profits, and the amount paid is usually a portion of the total profits earned up until that point in the financial year.
Bonus issue
A bonus issue, also known as a stock dividend, is a distribution of additional shares to existing shareholders. This is usually done in proportion to their existing shareholdings. The purpose of a bonus issue is to increase the number of shares outstanding without diluting the value of existing shares.
Buyback of Shares
A share buyback, also known as a share repurchase, is when a company buys back its own shares from the market. This can be done for a number of reasons, such as to return value to shareholders or to prevent a hostile takeover. When a company buys back its own shares, it reduces the number of shares outstanding, which can increase the value of the remaining shares.
Stock Split
A stock split is when a company increases the number of shares outstanding by issuing additional shares to its shareholders. The purpose of a stock split is to make the shares more affordable for investors by lowering the price per share. For example, in a 2-for-1 stock split, each shareholder would receive an additional share for every share they already own, effectively halving the price per share.
Scheme of Arrangement
A scheme of arrangement is a legal process that allows a company to restructure its operations, usually in order to reduce debt or improve efficiency. The process involves a court-approved agreement between the company and its creditors or shareholders, which sets out the terms of the arrangement.
Income Distribution (InvIT)
An InvIT, or infrastructure investment trust, is a type of investment vehicle that invests in infrastructure projects. InvITs generate income through the rental or leasing of these projects, and the income is distributed to unit holders in the form of dividends.
By understanding these terms, investors can better understand how companies distribute profits and make informed decisions about their investments.